Development of AI-Integrated STEM-Based Science E-LKPD to Enhance Science Literacy of Elementary School Students in the Digital Era
Abstract
urpose of the study: This study aims to develop an AI-integrated STEM-based Electronic Student Worksheet (E-LKPD) for science learning in elementary schools to improve students' science literacy in the digital era
Methodology: This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Data were collected through expert validation questionnaires from content experts, media experts, and practitioner teachers, as well as pre-post science literacy tests administered to Grade V elementary school students. Product validity, practicality, and effectiveness were analyzed using quantitative descriptive statistics and the normalized gain index (N-Gain)
Main Findings: The developed E-LKPD achieved a validity score of 87.5% (highly valid), a practicality score of 89.3% (highly practical), and an N-Gain of 0.72 (high effectiveness). The product significantly improved students' science literacy across all four PISA dimensions: scientific context, scientific competence, scientific knowledge, and scientific attitude. AI-based features adaptive quizzes, personalized feedback systems, and virtual science simulations enabled interactive and personalized learning experiences
Novelty/Originality of this study: This study introduces an innovative learning product that combines STEM education principles with AI-based adaptive features in a single E-LKPD platform, specifically designed for elementary school science learning in Indonesia. This dual integration addresses the challenge of Indonesia's low student science literacy as reflected in PISA 2022 data while meeting the growing need for AI-based digital learning in 21st-century classrooms
Views / Downloads
Files
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Hairunisah, kristiawati, Regita Cahya Ramdhani (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
[1] Haleem, A., Javaid, M., Qadri, M. A., & Suman, R. (2022). Understanding the role of digital technologies in education: A review. Sustainable Operations and Computers, 3, 275–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susoc.2022.05.004
[2] Erduran, S. (2023). Artificial intelligence, science education, and the demands of the future. Science & Education, 32, 313–318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-022-00395-5
[3] OECD. (2023). PISA 2022 Results (Volume I): The State of Learning and Equity in Education. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/53f23881-en
[4] OECD. (2023). PISA 2022 Results—Indonesia Country Note. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pisa-2022-results-volume-i-and-ii-country-notes_ed6fbcc5-en/indonesia_c2e1ae0e-en.html
[5] Casal-Otero, L., Catala, A., Fernández-Morante, C., Taboada, M., Cebreiro, B., & Mallas-Nieto, S. (2023). AI literacy in K-12: A systematic literature review. International Journal of STEM Education, 10(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-023-00405-0
[6] Casal-Otero et al. (2023). AI literacy in K-12: A systematic literature review. Int. J. STEM Education, 10(1), 29.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-023-00418-7
[7] Belbase, S., Mainali, B. R., Kasemsukpipat, W., Tairab, H., Gochoo, M., & Jarrah, A. (2022). At the dawn of science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) education: Prospects, priorities, processes, and problems. International Journal of Mathematical Education in Science and Technology, 53(11), 2919–2955. https://doi.org/10.1080/0020739X.2021.1922943
[8] Li, Y., Wang, K., Xiao, Y., & Froyd, J. E. (2022). Research and trends in STEM education: A systematic review of journal publications. International Journal of STEM Education, 7, 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-020-00207-6
[9] Rustono, Sumarno, & Buchori (2023). Pengembangan e-book berbasis STEM literasi sains kelas IV SD. Didaktik PGSD STKIP Subang, 9(4).https://journal.stkipsubang.ac.id/.
[10] Sabila et al. (2023). E-LKPD berbasis STEM materi bioteknologi. BiosciED, 4(1).https://doi.org/10.21001/bioscied.2023.4.1.36
[11] Septarini et al. (2024). E-LKPD berbantuan Wordwall literasi sains SD. Jurnal Educatio FKIP UNMA, 10(3).https://doi.org/10.31949/educatio.v10i3.9469
[12] Arrohman, D. A., Wahyuni, A. L. E., Wilujeng, I., & Suyanta, S. (2022). Implementasi penggunaan LKPD pencemaran air berbasis STEM dan model learning cycle 6E terhadap kemampuan literasi sains. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Indonesia, 10(2), 279–293. https://doi.org/10.24815/jpsi.v10i2.23116
[13] Kiswari, L., Singgih, S., & Muhlisin, A. (2022). STEM-based LKPD development and contextual problems to improve explanation, concluding, and evaluating skills. Phenomenon: Jurnal Pendidikan MIPA, 12(2), 140–158. https://doi.org/10.21580/phen.2022.12.2.12061
[14] Dachi, F. A., & Perdana, D. N. (2023). Efektivitas LKPD berbasis STEM untuk meningkatkan literasi sains dan hasil belajar berdasarkan perbedaan level kognitif siswa. Jurnal Pendidikan Edutama, 10(2), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.30734/jpe.v10i2.3281
[15] Badruttamam, C. A., Hidayat, M. T., & Wulandari, F. (2025). Pengembangan E-LKPD berbasis STEM pada konteks pencemaran udara di Samarinda untuk meningkatkan literasi lingkungan dan keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa SMP. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA. https://jppipa.unram.ac.id/index.php/jppipa/article/view/14460
[16] Memari, M., & Ruggles, K. (2025). Artificial intelligence in elementary STEM education: A systematic review of current applications and future challenges. arXiv preprint, arXiv:2511.00105. https://arxiv.org/abs/2511.00105
[17] Yeter, J. B. (2024). Global initiatives and challenges in integrating artificial intelligence literacy in elementary education: Mapping policies and empirical literature. Future in Educational Research, 2(4), 382–402. https://doi.org/10.1002/fer3.59
[18] Jang, S., Kwon, K., & Lee, W. (2022). An AI education program based on STEM education for elementary learners. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 60(3), 777–802. https://doi.org/10.1177/07356331211057143
[19] Xu, W., & Ouyang, F. (2022). The application of AI technologies in STEM education. Int. J. STEM Education, 9(1), 59.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-022-00377-5
[20] Su, J., Ng, D. T. K., & Chu, S. K. W. (2023). Artificial intelligence (AI) literacy in early childhood education: A review of existing learning activities from global contexts. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 4, 100112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100112
[21] Su, J., Ng, D.T.K., & Chu, S.K.W. (2023). AI literacy in early childhood education. Computers and Education: AI, 4, 100124.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2023.100124
[22] Subandi, U. & US, S. (2024). Integrasi AI dalam pembelajaran STEM. Bilangan, 2(6), 89–104.https://doi.org/10.62383/bilangan.v2i6.320
[23] Naila et al. (2023). Pengaruh AI tools terhadap motivasi belajar siswa. At-Thullab, 7(2), 150.https://doi.org/10.30736/atl.v7i2.1774
[24] Relmasira, S.C. et al. (2023). Fostering AI literacy in elementary STEAM. Journal of Computers in Education.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40692-023-00304-9
[25] Fitria, S. (2024). Pengembangan E-LKPD berbasis STEM untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi sains pada materi pahan lingkungan. Repository UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. https://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/handle/123456789/81941
[26] Fitria, S. (2024). Pengembangan E-LKPD berbasis STEM perubahan lingkungan. EDUSAINS UIN Jakarta.https://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/edusains/.
[27] Narulita, N., Sari, Y. Y., & Fatayan, A. (2024). Development of AI-based Hypercontent E-LKPD for IPAS learning in Grade V elementary school. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, 8(3), 567–577. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/396255140_Development_of_AI-Based_Hypercontent_E LKPD_for_IPAS_Learning_in_Grade_V_Elementary_School
[28] Lestari, P., Pangestu, D., Perdana, D. R., & Astuti, N. (2025). Pengaruh penggunaan LKPD berbasis pendekatan STEM terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis pada pembelajaran IPAS peserta didik kelas IV sekolah dasar. PEDAGOGIKA: Jurnal Pedagogik dan Dinamika Pendidikan, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.30598/pedagogikavol13issue1page241-251
[29] Azzahra, R. A., & Jannah, M. (2026). Development of STEAM-based learning media on circle equation topics to support students' conceptual understanding. Indonesian Journal of Creative STEAM Education, 2(1), 20–26. https://doi.org/10.65508/0gw92836
[30] Diego-Mantecón, J. M., Prodromou, T., Lavicza, Z., Blanco, T. F., & Ortiz-Laso, Z. (2021). An attempt to evaluate STEAM project-based instruction from a school mathematics perspective. ZDM – Mathematics Education, 53(5), 1137–1148. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-021-01303-9.
